AN2452 Application note
STW8110x evaluation board and graphical user interface
Application and scope
This application note describes the evaluation board (EVB) and the graphical user interface (GUI) of the STW81101, STW81102 and STW81103 multi-band RF frequency synthesizers (with integrated VCOs). The STW8110x GUI software allows the STW81101, STW81102 and STW81103 synthesizers to be programmed via an I2C/SPI control interface. Three evaluation boards are available depending on the output matching network optimal frequency range:
EVB1G (single output - 1 GHz - output divider by 4) EVB2G (single output - 2 GHz - output divider by 2) EVB4G (single output - 4 GHz - direct output)
February 2008
Rev 3
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www.st.com
Contents
AN2452
Contents
1 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. 1 1. 2 1.3 1. 4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Main form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Tutorial operation mode form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Waveform viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2
Evaluation board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2. 1 2. 2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.1 2.2.2 Top view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Bottom view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2. 3 2. 4 2. 5
Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Bill of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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Software
1
1.1
Software
Installation
The STW8110x GUI software is built on the Microsoft (R) .NET Framework (see http://www.microsoft.com/net/default.mspx). It may require the installation of the Microsoft (R) .NET Framework version 2.0, which may require the installation of Windows Installer 3.0 (see http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/enus/msi/setup/windows_installer_start_page.asp). Administrator privileges are required to install Microsoft (R) .NET Framework and Windows Installer. Follow these steps to install the STW8110x GUI: 1. 2. 3. 4. If an old version of the GUI is already installed, uninstall it. Run setup.exe (datasheets, programming configuration files and desktop/quick launch shortcuts are optional components installed by default). Run STW8110xGUI.exe The default starting operation mode is Tutorial. The starting operation mode can be modified by means of the radio buttons in the tutorial form: a) b) c) Tutorial: a brief tutorial on the features of the GUI. Basic: only the main options are enabled. Advanced: all the available options are enabled.
1.2
Main form
This section details the items on the main form. See Figure 1: Main form on page 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Pressing this button shows the About STW8110xGUI screen. Pressing this button opens the datasheet of the selected device. Help Device selection (STW81101/2/3). GUI operation modes: Tutorial: A brief tutorial on the basic features of the GUI. An inner default configuration is loaded. Basic: only the main options are enabled. Frequency values must be set in the following order: a) b) c) Input reference frequency Fref. Output frequency step Fstep. Output frequency Fout.
The calibrator is always ON. VCO and output divider are set automatically. Advanced: all the available options are enabled. Any Fvco or Fout are allowed. A message will warn if the inserted values are beyond the frequency limits of the VCOs. Frequency values must be set in the following order: a) b) c) Input reference frequency Fref. Output frequency step Fstep or Fpfd. Output frequency Fout or Fvco.
Waveform Viewer: a form is opened displaying the bit sequence sent to the device.
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Software Figure 1.
1 5 6
AN2452 Main form
2 7 8 3 4 9
10
11
12 13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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6. 7.
Swallow counter A: 5-bit counter. VCO calibrator: Last calibration Fvco: contains the last calibration data (VCO and frequency of calibration). Calibrator ON/OFF. The maximum allowed Fpfd during calibration is 1 MHz. If Fpfd > 1 MHz, the device is programmed in two steps: a) Device is programmed forcing calibration with the maximum Fpfd 1 MHz (Fpfd = Fref / R 1 MHz ==> R Fref / 106). b) Device is programmed with the desired Fpfd. Example with Fref = 76.8 MHz: Desired values: - Fpfd = 1200 kHz - R = Fref / Fpfd = 64 Forced values: - R' = Fref / 106 = 76.8 = 77 - F'pfd = Fref / R' = 997.403 kHz Device programming in two steps: a) Device is programmed with Fpfd = 997.403 kHz and Calibrator ON. b) Device is programmed with Fpfd = 1200 kHz and Calibrator OFF.
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AN2452 8. Output divider: 9. Direct output. Divider by 2. Divider by 4. Load/Save: load/save a configuration file. Load default/Save default: load/save a default configuration.
Software
Configurations:
10. Program counter B: 12-bit counter. 11. VCO. VCO settings: Output frequency range/VCOs frequency range: press this button to show information on the limits of Fout/Fvco (only for the embedded VCOs). VCO selection (enabled only in Advanced mode): - EXT: external VCO. The external VCO buffer is able to manage a signal coming from an external VCO in order to build a synthesizer using the STW8110x only as PLL IC. The external VCO signal can range from 625 MHz up to 5 GHz. Its minimum power level must be -10 dBm. - VCO A/VCO B: embedded VCOs. 12. Parallel port address. Hex value of the parallel port base address: 278: normally assigned to LPT2. 378: normally assigned to LPT1. 3BC FILE: output is saved to a text file. P=16 P=19
13. Prescaler modulus:
14. Reference divider. The 10-bit programmable reference counter allows the input reference frequency to be divided to produce the input clock to the phase frequency detector (PFD): Fpfd = Fref / R where Fpfd: PFD input frequency Fref: input reference frequency
Limits: 2 R 1023 15. Frequency settings: Fref: input reference frequency (MHz) - Limits: 10 MHz Fref 200 MHz Fpfd: phase frequency detector (PFD) input frequency (kHz) Fpfd = Fref / R, where R is the reference divider factor. -/+: finds a lower/higher rational value for Fpfd. Fvco: VCO oscillating frequency (MHz) Fvco = N · Fpfd. N: PLL division ratio N = B · P + A.
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Software 16. Output frequency settings: Fout: output frequency (MHz) Fout = Fvco / DIV, where DIV is the output division ratio. Fstep: output frequency step (kHz) Fstep = Fpfd / DIV, where DIV is the output division ratio. -/+: finds a lower/higher rational value for Fstep.
AN2452
17. Charge pump current. The nominal value of the output current is controlled by an external resistor (Rext) and can be varied over 8 levels by means of 3 dedicated programming bits: CPSEL[2:0]: bits controlling the charge pump current Rext: the minimum value of the current is: Imin = 2 Vbg / Rext where Vbg = 1.17 V. Icp: charge pump current (mA) Icp = (CPSEL + 1) · Imin 18. VCO voltage amplitude. The voltage swing of the VCOs can be adjusted over 4 levels by means of two dedicated programming bits: PLL_A[1:0]: bits controlling the voltage swing of the VCO. This setting trades current consumption with the VCO's phase noise performances. Higher amplitudes provide better phase noise, whereas lower amplitudes save power. 19. Two digital interfaces are available: I 2C - ACK: if checked and the acknowledge is not received, read and write operations fail. Uncheck this if the board is not enabled to read. - Read: read the read-only register. - Write: write the 6 write-only registers. - A[2:0]: the device address (1100A2A1A0) must be set. SPI Show sent data: the programming sequence is shown on the message list. 20. Device programming: Device programming modes: - Device ON: device on with output buffer control disabled. - Out Buffer CTRL: device on with output buffer control enabled. This control mode allows to enable/disable the output stage by a hardware control pin (EXT_PD, pin 23) while the PLL stays locked at the desired frequency; in such a way a very fast switching time is achieved. This feature can be useful in designing a ping-pong architecture saving the cost of an external RF switch. - Power Down: 'Power Down' mode enabled (device off). SEND: press this button to program the device.
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AN2452 21. Message list: displays information, warnings and errors: CLEAR: press this button to delete all the messages. Copy: copy the selected messages to the clipboard. Copy to File: copy the selected messages to a file. Clicking the right mouse button on the message list shows a menu:
Software
Append Mode: file is opened in append mode when 'Copy to File' is used. Select All: all messages are selected (double-clicking the left mouse button has the same effect). Deselect All: no message is selected. Clear after Send: clears the message list after pressing the Send button.
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Software
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1.3
Tutorial operation mode form
Figure 2. Tutorial operation mode form
1
3 2 4
1. 2. 3.
Help for the current GUI operation mode. Start next session with: select the operation mode for the next session. Always on top: Red: enabled Gray: disabled
4.
The tutorial form shows a description of the evaluation board.
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Software
1.4
Waveform viewer
Figure 3. Waveform viewer
1
3 2 1
The digital signals used to program the device can be displayed on a waveform viewer:
I2C - the following are shown: SCL (clock) signals sent to the device SDA (data) signals sent to the device ACK signals sent from the device Clock Data Load
SPI - the following signals are shown:
1. 2. 3.
Traces can be arranged by means of the vertical sliders, or in two default positions (separated or superimposed traces) by means of a button. The checkboxes allow you to display or hide the traces and bit descriptions that become visible when zooming in. The mouse buttons have the following functions on the waveform display: Left: zoom in Right: zoom out Middle: pan
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Evaluation board
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2
2.1
Evaluation board
Setup
1. 2. 3. 4. Connect the evaluation board to the PC parallel port via the cable included in the kit. Choose which digital bus is used: the SPI or I2C. If the I2C is set, the device address must be chosen by connecting ADD [2:0] to VCC (1) or GND (0). The default is 000. Connect a signal generator to the REF_CLK connector (external reference clock). Set the frequency as desired (13 MHz, 19.2 MHz, 76.8 MHz,...) and set the level to 10 dBm. Connect the RF OUT connector to a spectrum analyzer. Make sure that the device is not in hardware power-down (that is, ensure the switch is not in the off position).
5. 6.
The lock detector LED is turned on when the device is locked. The nominal value of the charge pump output current is controlled by the external resistor R15 (4.7 k on the evaluation board). The loop filter components are: C28, R17, R18, R18, C25, C30. The output matching network can be adjusted, depending on the application.
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AN2452
Evaluation board
2.2
2.2.1
Description
Top view
Figure 4. STW8110x EVB (1G/2G/4G): top view
2 1
3 53mm 4 5 7 8 11 12 57mm 9
6
10
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Digital interface connector: connect to the PC parallel port through the supplied cable. Power supply (5 V). Hardware power down: turn on/off the device. Digital interface selection between I2C and SPI. I2C device address (default: 000). Identification label. Two ID labels are present on the board network (see also 2.2.2 - 1): single output EVB top: STW8110x-EVBy, bottom: aaaaaaaaxyzzz, where: aaaaaaaa = internal ST code x = 1,2,3 depending on the device (STW81101/2/3) y = 1,2,4 depending on the board (EVB1G/2G/4G) zzz = progressive board number
7. 8. 9.
RF output. Single output EVB: RF output matching network (see also 2.2.2 - 3 and Figure 6). Differential output EVB: RF output de-coupling capacitors (C46 and C47). Reference clock input.
10. STW8110x. 11. Loop filter and external resistor controlling the charge pump current (R15). 12. Lock detector LED.
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Evaluation board
AN2452
2.2.2
Bottom view
Figure 5. STW8110x evaluation board bottom view
1 2
3
The bottom view (with the exception of the SMA connectors) is common to both the single and the differential output evaluation boards. 1. 2. 3. Identification label (see 2.2.1 - 6). The R5 short enables the I2C read mode. RF output matching network (L1, R13, L2, R12) - (see 2.2.1 - 8 and Figure 6). Output matching network (single output top and bottom views)
Single output top Bottom
Figure 6.
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Evaluation board
2.3
Schematics
Figure 7. Main schematic
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Evaluation board Figure 8. Digital interface
AN2452
Figure 9.
Low noise voltage regulator
+3.3 V low noise
+3.3 V low noise
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AN2452 Figure 10. Voltage regulator
+5 V
Evaluation board
+5 V
+3.3 V
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Evaluation board
AN2452
2.4
Layout
Figure 12. Bottom layer
Figure 11. Top layer
Figure 13. Ground layer
Figure 14. Power layer
2.5
Bill of materials
Table 1.
Quantity 3 5 1 3 1 1
Bill of materials common to all the EVBs (EVB1G/2G/4G)
Reference R1, R3, R4 R2, R6, R7, R8, R17 R5 R9, R10, R11 R14 R15 Part 330 2.2 k 0 100 51 4.7 k Part number - manufacturer 0603 - PHICOMP 0603 - PHICOMP 0603 - PHICOMP 0603 - PHICOMP 0603 - PHICOMP 0603 - PHICOMP
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AN2452 Table 1.
Quantity 1 1 1 1 9 5 3 3 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 R16 R18 R19 R20 C8, C13, C22, C25, C33, C34, C35, C36, C40, C35, C36, C40 C1, C2, C3, C4, C38 C6, C7, C11 C5, C26, C39 C10, C18, C20, C23, C45 C9, C12, C14, C21, C24, C44 C19 C28 C30 C29 C27 C31, C37, C42 C32 C41, C43 L3,L4 U2, U3, U4 D1 Q1 U6 U7 U8 U9 SMA (1.6mm) SMA (1.6mm) J1 J2 J3 S1, S2, S3
Evaluation board Bill of materials common to all the EVBs (EVB1G/2G/4G) (continued)
Reference Part 270 8.2 k 10 k 4 k 10 F 10 pF 15 pF 100 nF 22 pF 1 nF 1.8 nF 270 pF 68 pF 2.7 nF 47 F 10 nF 100 pF 1F 220 nH 0 LED BC847C STW8110x ST ST Part number - manufacturer 0603 - PHICOMP 0603 - PHICOMP 0603 - PHICOMP 0603 - PHICOMP GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188-COG - 0603 - Murata GRM188-COG - 0603 - Murata GRM188-COG - 0603 - Murata 1210 - AVX TPS Series III GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188 - 0603 - Murata GRM188 - 0603 - Murata 0805HT- R22T B - Coilcraft 0603 - PHICOMP
LT1962EMS8-3.3 Linear Technology LK112M33TR 74LCX07TTR SMA REF Freq SMA Band 2 10 pole connector +5VOLT GND Switch ST ST
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Evaluation board Table 2.
Quantity 1 1 Cs2 XS1 Cs3 Cs1 Cs4 Cs5 1 1 2 2 2 C16 U5 C15, C17 R12, R13 L1, L2
AN2452 EVB1G output matching network
Reference Part 0.5 pF 2.1 nH NC NC NC NC 22 pF 0900BL15 8.2 pF 24.9 18 nH 0403HQ-18NXJL- COILCRAFT GRM1555C1H220J - MURATA 0900BL15C050 - JOHANSON GRM1555C1H8R2D - MURATA Part number - manufacturer GRM1555C1HR50C - MURATA 0403HQ-2N1XJL - COILCRAFT
Table 3.
Quantity
EVB2G output matching network
Reference Cs2 Part NC 1.9 nH 1.2 pF NC NC NC 22 pF 1600BL15 22 pF 51 5.5 nH 0403HQ-5N5XJL - COILCRAFT GRM1555C1H220J - MURATA 1600BL15B100 - JOHANSON GRM1555C1H220J - MURATA 0402PA-1N9X B - COILCRAFT GRM1555C1H1R2C - MURATA Part number - manufacturer
1 1
XS1 Cs3 Cs1 Cs4 Cs5
1 1 2 2 2
C16 U5 C15, C17 R12, R13 L1, L2
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AN2452 Table 4.
Quantity 1 1 1 Cs2 XS1 Cs3 Cs1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 Cs4 Cs5 C16 U5 C15, C17 R12, R13 L1, L2
Evaluation board EVB4G output matching network
Reference Part 1.2 pF 4.7 pF 1.2 pF NC 1 pF 1 pF 12 pF 3700BL15 12 pF 51 5.5 nH 0403HQ-5N5XJL - COILCRAFT GRM1555C1H1R0C - MURATA GRM1555C1H1R0C - MURATA GRM1555C1H120J - MURATA 3700BL15B100 - JOHANSON GRM1555C1H120J - MURATA Part number - manufacturer GRM1555C1H1R2C - MURATA GRM1555C1H4R7C - MURATA GRM1555C1H1R2C - MURATA
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Revision history
AN2452
3
Revision history
Table 5.
Date 17-Jul-2007 13-Aug-2007 15-Feb-2008
Document revision history
Revision 1 2 3 Initial release. Updated item 6 in Section 2.2.1: Top view. Modified Section 1.2: Main form and Section 1.3: Tutorial operation mode form. Added Section 1.4: Waveform viewer. Changes
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AN2452
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